attack someone

Theme: 
ji-S-d-.aat~ (ø motion)
for (plural) S to attack, assault, fall upon
Naish-Story: 
ji-di-.aat
Notes: 
To indicate who is being attacked, use: N éet~ 'to N'. For example: Haa éet has jiwdi.át. 'They attacked us'. It is also acceptable to use this verb without specifying who was attacked. For example: Has jiwdi.át 'They attacked'. Therefore, the N éet~ is not given in the Leer-Edwards theme above.

Paradigm Forms


Imperative (Do it!)
2p: 
Ñaa éet jeeyda.á!
You all attack someone!

Prohibitive (Don't do it!)
2p: 
Líl ñaa éeý jeeyda.aadíñ!
Don't you all attack anyone!

Imperfective (+) (doing it; does it)
3p: 
[does not occur]

Progressive imperfective (+) ((in the process of) doing it)
1p: 
ñaa éede yaa jintuda.át
we're attacking someone
3p: 
ñaa éede yaa (ha)s jinda.át
they're attacking people

Repetitive imperfective (+) (does it (regularly))
1p: 
ñaa éeý jituda.aat
we attack people (regularly)
3p: 
ñaa éeý has jida.aat
they attack people (regularly)

Perfective (+) (did it)
1p: 
ñaa éet jiwtudi.át
we attacked someone
3p: 
ñaa éet has jiwdi.át
they attacked someone

Perfective (-) (didn't do it)
1p: 
tlél ñaa éet jiwtuda.aat
we didn't attack anyone
3p: 
tlél ñaa éet has jiwda.aat
they didn't attack anyone

Perfective habitual (+) (does it (every time))
3p: 
[does not occur]

Perfective habitual (-) (hasn't done it yet)
1p: 
tlél ñaa éet jituda.aatch
we haven't attacked anyone yet
3p: 
tlél ñaa éet has jeeda.aatch
they haven't attacked anyone yet

Future (+) (going to do it)
1p: 
ñaa eedé jigaýtuda.áat
we will attack someone
3p: 
ñaa eedé has jiguýda.áat
they will attack someone

Future (-) (not going to do it)
1p: 
tlél ñaa eedé jigaýtuda.aat
we won't attack anyone
3p: 
tlél ñaa eedé (ha)s jiguýda.aat
they won't attack anyone

Hortative (+) (let him/her do it)
1p: 
ñaa éet jiýtuda.aat
let us attack someone
3p: 
ñaa éet has jiýda.aat
let them attack someone

Potential attributive (+) (can't do it)
1p: 
tlél aadé ñaa éet jiýtudi.aadi yé
no way can we attack someone
3p: 
tlél aadé ñaa éet has jeeýdi.aadi yé
no way can they attack someone

Potential decessive (+) (would have done it)
1p: 
ñaa éet jiýtuda.aadín
we would have attacked someone
3p: 
ñaa éet has jeeýda.aadín
they would have attacked someone

Example(s):

X'wás teen ñaa éet has jiwdi.át.
They attacked people with clubs.