speak, talk to him/her (plural subject)

Theme: 
N éet~ ý'a-S-l-.aat~ (ø motion)
for (plural) S to speak, talk to N
Naish-Story: 
ý'a-li-.aat
Singular: 
taan
Notes: 
In classical Tlingit, the verb stem -taan refered to a singular subject and the verb stem -.aat was used to indicate a plural subject. In modern Tlingit however, this distinction is being lost. Many speakers use the verb stem -taan for both singular and plural subject, as in: du éet has ý'eiwatán "they spoke to him/her". Speakers also use: du éet has ý'awli.át "they spoke to him/her". Both options for the plural subjects are correct.

Paradigm Forms


Imperative (Do it!)
2p: 
Du éet ý'ayla.á!
You all speak to him/her!

Prohibitive (Don't do it!)
2p: 
Líl du éeý ý'eila.aadíñ!
Don't you all speak to him/her!

Imperfective (+) (doing it; does it)
3p: 
[does not occur]

Progressive imperfective (+) ((in the process of) doing it)
3p: 
[does not occur]

Repetitive imperfective (+) (does it (regularly))
3p: 
du éeý has ý'ala.aat
they speak to him/her (regularly)

Perfective (+) (did it)
1p: 
du éet ý'awtuli.át
we spoke to him/her
2p: 
du éet ý'ayeeyli.át
you all spoke to him/her
3p: 
du éet has ý'awli.át
they spoke to him/her
4: 
du éet ý'awdudli.át
someone spoke to him/her

Perfective (-) (didn't do it)
1p: 
tlél du éet ý'awtula.aat
we didn't speak to him/her
2p: 
tlél du éet ý'ayeeyla.aat
you all didn't speak to him/her
3p: 
tlél du éet has ý'awul.aat
they didn't speak to him/her
4: 
tlél du éet ý'awdul.aat
nobody spoke to him/her

Perfective habitual (+) (does it (every time))
1p: 
du éet ý'atool.aatch
we speak to him/her (every time)
2p: 
du éet ý'ayil.aatch
you all speak to him/her (every time)
3p: 
du éet has ý'al.aatch
they speak to him/her (every time)
4: 
du éet ý'adul.aatch
someone speaks to him/her (every time)

Perfective habitual (-) (hasn't done it yet)
1p: 
tlél du éet ý'atool.aatch
we haven't spoken to him/her yet
2p: 
tlél du éet ý'ayil.aatch
you all haven't spoken to him/her yet
3p: 
tlél du éet has ý'al.aatch
they haven't spoken to him/her yet
4: 
tlél du éet ý'adul.aatch
nobody has spoken to him/her yet

Future (+) (going to do it)
1p: 
du eedé ý'agaýtula.áat
we will speak to him/her
2p: 
du eedé ý'agaýyila.áat
you all will speak to him/her
3p: 
du eedé (ha)s ý'aguýla.áat
they will speak to him/her
4: 
du eedé ý'agaýdul.áat
someone will speak to him/her

Future (-) (not going to do it)
1p: 
tlél du eedé ý'agaýtula.aat
we won't speak to him/her
2p: 
tlél du eedé ý'agaýyila.aat
you all won't speak to him/her
3p: 
tlél du eedé (ha)s ý'aguýla.aat
they won't speak to him/her
4: 
tlél du eedé ý'agaýdul.aat
nobody will speak to him/her

Hortative (+) (let him/her do it)
1p: 
du éet ý'aýtula.aat
let us speak to him/her
3p: 
du éet has ý'aýla.aat
let them speak to him/her

Potential attributive (+) (can't do it)
3p: 
tlél aadé du éet has ý'eiýli.aadi yé
no way can they speak to him/her

Potential decessive (+) (would have done it)
3p: 
du éet has ý'eiýla.aadín
they would have spoken to him/her

Conditional (+) (if/when s/he does it)
3p: 
du éet has ý'awul.aadí
if/when they speak to him/her