speak, talk, make speech (plural subject)
Theme:
ý'a-S-l-.aat~ (na event)
or (plural) S to speak, talk, make a speech
|
Naish-Story:
ý'a-li-.aat
Singular:
taan Notes:
In classical Tlingit, the verb stem -taan refered to a singular subject and the verb stem -.aat was used to indicate a plural subject. In modern Tlingit however, this distinction is being lost. Many speakers use the verb stem -taan for both singular and plural subject, as in: has ý'awditaan "they spoke". Speakers also use: has ý'awli.aat "they spoke". Both options for the plural subjects are correct.
Paradigm Forms
Imperative (Do it!)
2p:
Ý'anayil.á!
You all speak!
Imperfective prohibitive (Don't do it!)
2p:
Líl yoo ý'eeyla.átgiñ!
Don't you all speak!
Imperfective (+) (doing it; does it)
3p:
[does not occur]
Progressive imperfective (+) ((in the process of) doing it)
1p:
yaa ý'antula.át
we're speaking
2p:
yaa ý'anayla.át
you all are speaking
3p:
[does not occur]
they are speaking
4:
yaa ý'andul.át
soemone is speaking
Repetitive imperfective (+) (does it (regularly))
3p:
yoo (ha)s ý'ali.átk
they speak (regularly)
Perfective (+) (did it)
1p:
ý'awtuli.aat
we spoke
2p:
ý'ayeeyli.aat
you all spoke
3p:
has ý'awli.aat
they spoke
4:
ý'awdudli.aat
someone spoke
Perfective (-) (didn't do it)
1p:
tlél ýawtula.aat
we didn't speak
2p:
tlél ý'ayeeyla.aat
you all didn't speak
3p:
tlél has ý'awul.aat
they didn't speak
4:
tlél ý'awdul.aat
nobody spoke
Perfective habitual (+) (does it (every time))
1p:
ý'antula.átch
we speak (every time)
2p:
ý'anayla.átch
you all speak (every time)
3p:
has ý'anal.átch
they speak (every time)
4:
ý'andul.átch
someone speaks (every time)
Perfective habitual (-) (hasn't done it yet)
1p:
tlél ý'antula.átch
we haven't spoken yet
2p:
tlél ý'anayla.átch
you all haven't spoken yet
3p:
tlél has ý'einal.átch
they haven't spoken yet
4:
tlél ý'andul.átch
nobody has spoken yet
Future (+) (going to do it)
1p:
ý'agaýtula.áat
we will speak
2p:
ý'agaýyila.áat
you all will speak
3p:
has ý'aguýla.áat
they will speak
4:
ý'agaýdul.áat
someone will speak
Future (-) (not going to do it)
1p:
tlél ý'agaýtula.aat
we won't speak
2p:
tlél ý'agaýyila.aat
you all won't speak
3p:
tlél has ý'aguýla.aat
they won't speak
4:
tlél ý'agaýdul.aat
nobody will speak
Hortative (+) (let him/her do it)
1p:
ý'anaýtula.aat
let us speak
3p:
has ý'anaýla.aat
let them speak
Potential attributive (+) (can't do it)
3p:
tlél aadé (ha)s ý'anaýwli.aadi yé
no way can they speak
Potential decessive (+) (would have done it)
3p:
has ý'anaýwla.aadín
they would have spoken
Conditional (+) (if/when s/he does it)
3p:
has ý'awul.aadí
if/when they speak